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Tuesday, 12 October 2010 08:14 |
The necessity of shipbuilding yard establishment in the North appeared in five-year plan time, when in 1926 in country the military shipbuilding program was accepted. The government decided to modernize shipbuilding plants and start establishment of new ones as soon as possible. In March, 1936 government committee headed by the chief of design organization “Soyuzproektverf” Т.V. Safronov arrived in Arkhangelsk in order to choose site for new shipbuilding plant. As a result of inspection, committee concentrated on the territory of Nikolo-Korelsky monastery area in Nikolsky mouth of the Northern Dvina. In 1936 plant building was started, and in a year near Nikolo-Korelsky monastery settlement Sudostroy was built.
Official date of production activity beginning is considered to be December 21st, 1939, it is the day of keel-laying the first battleship “Sovetskaya Belorussia” on berth. The plant was assigned No. 402.
Established for big ship (battleships and cruisers) building, the plant started to build big sea hunters, destroyers, diesel submarines, ferries, lighters and mother ships in war years, as well as provided military efficiency of Northern Fleet ships and repair of ships which delivered ally’s cargoes by northern seaway. Till 1945, 139 ships were repaired, new kinds of defense equipment were mastered and output.
In the first post-war years plant No. 402 remained the main base of Navy ship repairing on the north of the country, took part in program realization “Ten-year Plan of Military Shipbuilding during 1946-1955”. At the beginning of 1950s the first plant order building was over. By the middle of 1950s on Severodvinsk yard 46 ships were handed in fleet including 2 cruisers and over 30 different ships of civil purpose (without taking into account fitting-out and major repair). During these years, plant started to build diesel electric submarines (DEPL) of project 611 and its modifications. By project В611 the first native submarine rocket carrier was designed. On September, 1955 ship passed the tests and successfully carried out shooting. In all till 1962, 33 DEPLs were built on Sevmash.
On September 24th, 1955 the first torpedo nuclear submarine with nuclear power unit of project 627 was keel-laid. In three years submarine was handed in naval forces in trial operation, in 1962 it was named “Leninsky Komsomol”. For ship building and high quality of work, plant No. 402 was rewarded with Lenin’s order. The big group of workers, who took part in building, was awarded to orders and medals. In all on Sevmash berths 13 nuclear submarines of this project were built. It has over 90 independent navigations and the first trip under ice to North Pole.
Nuclear submarines of the second generation (project 667А) were designed in answer to building nuclear submarine of “George Washington” type with ballistic rockets on board in the USA at the beginning of 1960s. Lead ship was handed in fleet in 1967. During five years 24 nuclear rocket carriers were put into operation. Parity with the USA by marine constituents of nuclear forces was achieved. In 1972-1974 in Severodvinsk 10 nuclear submarines of project 667Б with 12 intercontinental ballistic rockets were built. Nuclear submarine of project 667БД are armed with 16 rockets. In 1976 submarine rocket carriers of project 667БДР began to be a part of fleet, and in 1984 667БДРМ, armed with 16 marine rockets with separating heads.
In 1969 on Sevmash the first titanium nuclear submarine of project 661 was built. During trials it developed maximum speed of underwater running, it totaled 44.7 knots.
In the middle of 1970s there was the largest rehabilitation of the plant. In order to build submarines of the third generation, Sevmash facilities were doubled. In 1980 the first nuclear submarine of the third generation (project 949) were built, it was armed with 24 cruise missiles. In a year submarine rocket carrier of project 941 was put into service (now cruiser “Dmitry Donskoy”) with rocket complex “Taifun”. This nuclear submarine is noted in Guinness’s book as the biggest nuclear submarine in the world. In 1983 Navy was handed in deep-water titanic nuclear submarine of project 685 with dip up to 1000 m – the most deep-water battle nuclear submarine in the history of submarine building. In 1980-1990 series of all-purpose nuclear submarines (project 971) was built.
In all Sevmash handed 128 nuclear submarines in Navy. Collective work was suitably appreciated: among shipbuilders there are 16 Heroes of Socialist Work, 1 Hero of RF, and the big group of workers was awarded.
A list of ships built on Sevmash.*
1. Big sea hunters of project 122А – 23 units (1944 – 1947)
2. Destroyers of projects 30, 30К and 30бис – 20 units (1947 – 1953)
3. Light cruiser of project 68бис – 2 units (1954 – 1955)
In all there were 45 surface ship.
1. Diesel-electric submarines of projects 611 and АВ611 – 17 units (1956 – 1958)
2. Diesel-electric submarines of projects 629 and 629Б – 16 units (1959 – 1962)
3. Diesel-electric submarines of project 636 – 2 units (for export 2005)
In all on the plant 35 diesel-electric submarines were built.
3.Nuclear submarines of the first generation.
1. Nuclear submarines of projects 627 and 627А – 13 units (1958 – 1964)
2. Nuclear submarines of project 658 – 8 units (1960 – 1962)
3. Nuclear submarines of project 645 –1 unit (1963)
4. Nuclear submarines of project 675 – 16 units (1963 – 1966)
In all 38 nuclear submarines of the first generation were built.
4. Nuclear submarines of the second generation.
1. Nuclear submarines of projects 667А and 667АУ – 24 units (1967 – 1972)
2. Nuclear submarines of project 661 – 1 unit (1969)
3. Nuclear submarines of project 667Б – 10 units (1972 – 1974)
4. Nuclear submarines of project 667БД – 4 units (1975)
5. Nuclear submarines of project 667БДР – 14 units (1976 – 1982)
6. Nuclear submarines of project 705К – 3 units (1977 – 1981)
7. Nuclear submarines of project 667БДРМ – 7 units (1984 – 1990)
In all 63 nuclear submarines of the second generation were built.
5. Nuclear submarines of the third generation.
1. Nuclear submarines of projects 949 and 949А – 13 units (1980 – 1996)
2. Nuclear submarines of project 941 – 6 units (1981 – 1989)
3. Nuclear submarines of project 685 – 1 unit (1983)
4. Nuclear submarines of project 971 – 7 units (1988 – 2001)
In all 27 nuclear submarines of the third generation were built.
Total: 35 diesel-electric submarines and 128 nuclear submarines.
*All data used in historical information are taken from materials of open press.
Orders about plant renaming
1.By No. 449 Order of People's Commissar of USSR Defense Industry dated December 2nd, 1938 Director Management of under construction plant No. 402 is organized.
2.By No.0353 Order of USSR Shipbuilding Industry Minister dated September 9th, 1959 No. 402 plant is transformed into Sevmash.
3.By No. 0298 Order of USSR Shipbuilding Industry Minister dated July 26th, 1985 Sevmash is transformed into PO “Sevmash”.
4.By No. 245 Order of RF Department of Economy dated June 23th, 1998 PO “Sevmash” is renamed into SUE “PO “Sevmash”.
5.By No. 35 Order of Russian Shipbuilding Agency dated February 21st, 2001 SUE “PO “Sevmash” is renamed into FSUE “PO “Sevmash”.
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